What Sedimentary Rock Does Halite Make Up? * What Sedimentary Rock Does Halite Makeup? *

Mineral form of sodium chloride

Halite
Halite from the Wieliczka table salt mine, Małopolskie, Poland
General
Category	Halide mineral
Formula (repeating unit)	NaCl
IMA symbol	Hl^[1]
Strunz classification	3.AA.20
Crystal system	Cubic^[2]
Crystal course	Hexoctahedral (mthreeone thousand) H-M symbol: (4/chiliad 3 ii/grand)
Space group	Fg3m
Unit of measurement cell	a = 5.6404(1) Å; Z = iv
Identification
Formula mass	58.433k/mol
Colour	Colorless or white when pure. Impurities produce any colour simply commonly yellow, gray, blackness, brown, cherry-red (Depends on isotopes and purity for various colours)^[2]
Crystal habit	Predominantly cubes and in massive sedimentary beds, but likewise granular, fibrous and compact
Cleavage	Perfect {001}, three directions cubic
Fracture	Conchoidal
Tenacity	Brittle
Mohs scale hardness	ii.0–ii.5
Luster	Vitreous
Streak	White
Diaphaneity	Transparent to Translucent
Specific gravity	two.17
Optical properties	Isotropic
Refractive alphabetize	n = 1.544
Melting point	800.7°C
Solubility	Water-soluble
Other characteristics	Salty flavor, fluorescent
References	^[iii] ^[4] ^[5] ^[6]

Halite (),^[7] ^[8] ^[9] ^[10] commonly known equally rock salt, is a type of salt, the mineral (natural) form of sodium chloride (NaCl). Halite forms isometric crystals.^[11] The mineral is typically colorless or white, simply may as well be low-cal blue, dark bluish, purple, pink, red, orange, yellow or gray depending on inclusion of other materials, impurities, and structural or isotopic abnormalities in the crystals.^[12] It commonly occurs with other evaporite eolith minerals such as several of the sulfates, halides, and borates. The proper noun halite is derived from the Ancient Greek word for "salt", ἅλς (háls).^[3]

Occurrence [edit]

Halite cubes from the Stassfurt Potash Eolith, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany (size: 6.7 × 1.9 × i.7 cm)

Halite dominantly occurs inside sedimentary rocks where it has formed from the evaporation of seawater or salty lake water. Vast beds of sedimentary evaporite minerals, including halite, can result from the drying up of enclosed lakes, and restricted seas. Such table salt beds may be hundreds of meters thick and underlie broad areas.^[13] Halite occurs at the surface today in playas in regions where evaporation exceeds atmospheric precipitation such as in the salt flats of Badwater Basin in Decease Valley National Park.

In the Us and Canada all-encompassing hole-and-corner beds extend from the Appalachian basin of western New York through parts of Ontario and nether much of the Michigan Basin. Other deposits are in Ohio, Kansas, New Mexico, Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan. The Khewra salt mine is a massive deposit of halite about Islamabad, Pakistan.

Common salt domes are vertical diapirs or pipe-similar masses of salt that accept been substantially "squeezed up" from underlying table salt beds by mobilization due to the weight of overlying rock. Salt domes contain anhydrite, gypsum, and native sulfur, in addition to halite and sylvite. They are common forth the Gulf coasts of Texas and Louisiana and are often associated with petroleum deposits. Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, Denmark, Romania and Iran also have salt domes.^[14] Table salt glaciers exist in arid Iran where the salt has cleaved through the surface at high elevation and flows downhill. In all of these cases, halite is said to be behaving in the manner of a rheid.

Unusual, purple, fibrous vein filling halite is plant in French republic and a few other localities. Halite crystals termed hopper crystals appear to be "skeletons" of the typical cubes, with the edges present and stairstep depressions on, or rather in, each crystal face. In a rapidly crystallizing surround, the edges of the cubes only grow faster than the centers. Halite crystals course very quickly in some rapidly evaporating lakes resulting in modernistic artifacts with a coating or encrustation of halite crystals.^[15] Halite flowers are rare stalactites of curling fibers of halite that are found in certain arid caves of Australia's Nullarbor Plainly.^[16] Halite stalactites and encrustations are besides reported in the Quincy native copper mine of Hancock, Michigan.

Mining [edit]

The world's largest underground salt mine is the Sifto Salt Mine. Information technology produces over 7 one thousand thousand tons of rock salt per twelvemonth using the room and colonnade mining method. It is located half a kilometre nether Lake Huron in Ontario, Canada.^[17] In the Britain there are 3 mines; the largest of these is at Winsford in Cheshire, producing, on average, ane meg tonnes of table salt per twelvemonth.

Uses [edit]

Salt is used extensively in cooking as a flavor enhancer, and to cure a wide variety of foods such as salary and fish.^[18] It is frequently used in food preservation methods across various cultures. Larger pieces can be basis in a salt mill or dusted over nutrient from a shaker as finishing common salt.

Halite is also oft used both residentially and municipally for managing water ice. Considering alkali (a solution of water and salt) has a lower freezing point than pure h2o, putting salt or saltwater on ice that is below 0 °C (32 °F) will cause it to cook—this effect is chosen freezing-betoken depression. Information technology is common for homeowners in common cold climates to spread common salt on their sidewalks and driveways after a snowfall storm to cook the ice. It is not necessary to use so much salt that the water ice is completely melted; rather, a minor amount of salt volition weaken the ice so that it can be easily removed by other means. Also, many cities will spread a mixture of sand and salt on roads during and after a snowstorm to meliorate traction. Using common salt brine is more than effective than spreading dry salt because moisture is necessary for the freezing-signal depression to work and moisture table salt sticks to the roads better. Otherwise the table salt can be wiped away by traffic.^[19]

In addition to de-icing, rock salt is occasionally used in agronomics. An example of this would be inducing common salt stress to suppress the growth of almanac meadow grass in turf production. Other examples involve exposing weeds to salt water to dehydrate and impale them preventing them from affecting other plants. Salt is also used every bit a household cleaning production. Its coarse nature allows for its use in various cleaning scenarios including grease/oil removal, stain removal, dries out and hardens sticky spills for an easier clean.^{[ citation needed ]}

Some cultures, specially in Africa and Brazil, prefer a wide variety of different stone salts for different dishes. Pure salt is avoided as detail colors of salt indicates the presence of different impurities. Many recipes call for particular kinds of rock salt, and imported pure salt often has impurities added to adapt to local tastes.^[twenty] Historically, table salt was used equally a form of currency in barter systems and was exclusively controlled past authorities and their appointees. In some ancient civilizations the practice of salting the earth was done to make conquered land of an enemy infertile and inhospitable as an act of domination or spite. One biblical reference to this practice is in Judges 9:45: "he killed the people in it, pulled the wall down and sowed the site with salt."^[21]

Polyhalite, a mineral fertiliser, is non an NaCl-polymer, but hydrated Thousand₂Ca_twoMg-sulfate.

Gallery [edit]

Sharp halite crystals that have this green colour from inclusions of malachite
Large natural crystal of halite, showing cubic crystal form
Pinkish color halite on a matrix covered with minute nahcolite
Halite Diameter sample, Laos

References [edit]

^ Warr, 50.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Mag. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
^ ^a ^b Geology.com: Halite
^ ^a ^b "Halite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 28, 2010. Retrieved xvi April 2018.
^ "Halite". Mindat.org. Archived from the original on 2011-08-05.
^ "Halite". Webmineral. Archived from the original on 2004-11-24.
^ Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). CRC Printing. ISBN978-1439855119.
^ "halite". The American Heritage Lexicon of the English Linguistic communication (5th ed.). HarperCollins.
^ "halite". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
^ "halite". Dictionary.com Entire (Online). northward.d.
^ "Halite". Random House Entire Lexicon. 1997. Archived from the original on 2015-10-02.
^ Bonewitz, Ronald Louis (2012). Rocks and Minerals. DK Publishing. p. 110. ISBN978-0-7566-9042-vii.
^ Sonnenfeld, Peter (January 1995). "The color of rock salt—A review". Sedimentary Geology. 94 (3–4): 267–276. Bibcode:1995SedG...94..267S. doi:10.1016/0037-0738(94)00093-A.
^ "halite | mineral | Britannica". www.britannica.com . Retrieved 2022-04-22 .
^ "What is a Salt Dome? How do they form?". geology.com . Retrieved 2022-04-22 .
^ "HALITE (Sodium Chloride)". Galleries.com. Archived from the original on 2015-12-16. Retrieved 2015-12-xvi .
^ Wales, University Of New Due south (2003). Beneath the Surface: A Natural History of Australian Caves. UNSW Press. ISBN978-0-86840-595-7.
^ "Where is the World'due south Largest Underground Salt Mine". Archived from the original on 2020-07-08. Retrieved 2019-04-ten .
^ Bitterman, Mark (2010). Salted: A Manifesto on the World'south Well-nigh Essential Mineral, With Recipes. X Speed Press. pp. 267–270. ISBN978-1-58008-262-iv.
^ Pre-wetting With Table salt Alkali. 1996. ISBN978-0965231008. Archived from the original on 2020-09-13. Retrieved 2019-04-10 .
^ Kurlansky, Mark (2003). Common salt: A World History .
^ "Bible: Judges 9:45". Bible Hub. Archived from the original on Oct thirty, 2018. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Halite.

External links [edit]

Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Transmission of Mineralogy, 20th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York ISBN 0-471-80580-7
Anthony, John W; Bideaux, R.A.; Bladh, K.W.; Nicois, G.C. (1997). Handbook of Mineralogy: Halides, Hydroxides, Oxides, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson ISBN 0-9622097-two-iv
Minerals.cyberspace Archived 2008-12-21 at the Wayback Car
Material Safety Data Sheet Archived 2012-04-25 at the Wayback Machine
Desert Us Archived 2007-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
Halite stalactites Archived 2007-12-22 at the Wayback Machine

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halite

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